Μετατροπέας κυματικής ενέργειας σε ηλεκτρική
RSS Σχολίων
Εκτυπώστε το Άρθρο
4.505 Προβολές
????????
??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? – ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? «???????? ??????» ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ??????. ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????, one health ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? – ?? ???????? 3.500 ????????? ??????? – ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? , ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? (???? ??? ??????) ???????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ???? ?? ?.?.?., ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? (?? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? – ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????, ???? ??????. ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????????, ?.?.). ?? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????, ? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? – ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?.?.?. – ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? (?????? ??? ??????? ????????) ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????????????, ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????.
? ??????? ???????????????? «????????» ??? ?.?.? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ?? ????, ???? ???????? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????- ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? «?????????» ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????????? & ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??? 21? ????? – ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?.?. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? – ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? (2008). ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????, ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? «???????? ??????? ????», ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????.
??????? ????????????? ???????? ????
??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ( ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????), ???????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????, ?? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?? «??????? ????????????? ???????? ????» – ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????. ??????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? , ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????:
????: ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?.?.?. ??? ?.?.?.?. ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????
1. ??????????????? – ???????? ??????. ????????? ??? ??? ????? : ? ??????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? «?????????» ??? ??? ??????????, ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ????????????). ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????(??? ??? ????? ??? 20?? ????? ??????) ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?. ??????????. ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? (???? ??? ?????????? ?? 8 ?/?.) ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ????????. ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? 1990-2000, ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?/?. – ???????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? . (??????. ????? : ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? «???????? ??????????» ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????+ ??????? ??? ?/?. ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? : ?.?. ?? ????????? ??????. ???????? ??? ?? 30% ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? 1-2 ??????????? ????? ?????? ?) . ???? ??? ??????? ?.?.?. ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? 1 -2 ???????? ?????? ( ??????? ????????). ????????? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ?.?.?. ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?.?.?. ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? , ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?.?.?. ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??. ????????? ? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ??????? (????.?.) ???????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????? – ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? 3 ??????? ???????? ?????? ( ????? : 685?./????????? – 716?./??. ??????? – 995 ?./ ??????) + 3 ??????????? (????? : 582?./ ???? – 670?. /??????? – ??. ?????????) ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? -????????? (??? ??? 5 ??????) ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? – ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? (?????? ? ?????????????, ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????) – ??. ????. ?’, ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? – ???????????? ?????? : ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ??? «?????» ????????? ?????????? – ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? (??? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????) ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? – ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? (??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????), ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ??? ? ?????? ??????????? – ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? (?????????? – ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?.??.) ? ?????????? ????? ???????????.
????: ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?.?.?. ??? ?.?.?.?. ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????
2. ???????????? ????? & ???????? ????????????? : ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? – ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? -???????? ????? (12 / 24 V. DC ) ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (?? ???????? ????? 38 ?????? ??? ?????????) ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???. ???????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? – ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? – ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? (??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????) ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ? ??????, ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????, ????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????????. ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? (?.3468/2006 ??? ?.3734/2009) ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? – ??????? ???????? – «???????????? ?????» (20 – 50 ? 100+ kW.) ???? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ??? ( ??? 20 ?????? ??? – ?????????????? ????????? ?? ???? 0,40 – 0,50 ????/ kWh.), ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? – ?????????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? (?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????????) ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? – ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?/?. ??????? ?? ???????? (2-3 kW/h) ?????? ??? ??? 60-75% ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???. ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? (???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? – ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????????? – ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????-????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ? ????????????? ??????? ?????? – ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????-?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????????-pellets).
3. ????????? – ?????? ??? ????? ?????? : ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? (????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ????????, ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? (??? ?????????- ??????????? ??? ????) ??????????? ??????????. ??? ???? ??????????????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? (??? ?????? ? ???????) ???? ?? ???????? «????????? ????????? ??????????». ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????- ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? – ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? (?????????? – ??????? ?????????? ?????), ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ( ?? ????? ???????????) ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????-????- ???????.
????: ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?.?.?. ??? ?.?.?.?. ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????
4. ???????????? & ???????????? ?????????? ?????? :??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????
??????? ?????????, ??? ???-??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????????? (?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? – ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? – ??? ??????? – ??? ??????? ???? – ??? ????? – ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?.?.) . ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? – ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? (??????? – ?????? ???? ?? ?????- ??????? ??????????? – ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?/?. – ??????????? ??????. ????????? ??? ??????/??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? «???????????» ??? ???.-??.??. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? – ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? !!!) . ???’ ??? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????? «?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????» ??? «??????????? ???????-?? ??????????? ????????» , ?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????????????, ?? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? – ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? , ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????.
????: ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?.?.?. ??? ?.?.?.?. ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????
5. ???????????? ?????????? ???????. & ??????? – ?.?.?.?. & ???.??. : ????????? ???? ?????? – ?? ??? ??? ????? – ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? «????? ??????», ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? – ? ??? – ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????? (?.?.?.?. ??? ???.??.) ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? «??????????» ????- ??? «???????????» ????- ??? ????????????? ??????. ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ? ?????????????, ??? ??? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?? «?? ?????????», ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????? : ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? – ?????????? ???? ???? (??????? ??? ?????????) ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? – ??????????? (???? ??? ???????? ???? ?.?.?.?.), ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????????-????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? «???????» ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????. ?????????, ??? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?.?.?., ???? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? – ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????- ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? (?.?. ??? ??? 15 ??????) ??? ??? ??????????? – ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????.
?? ???????? -???? ??? ??? ????????? – ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????, ??? ???? ?? ???????????, ?? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? «?????????????? ????????? ??????» – ??? ??????.
?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????? – ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????.
?????? (11) ???????????? ? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???? (8) ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? «??????? ?????????» ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????, human enhancement
??????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????-????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????.
???????? ??????????? ???
?????? (11) ???????????? ? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???? (8) ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? «??????? ?????????» ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????, purchase
??????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????-????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????, heart
??? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????.
???????? ??????????? ???
??? ?????? 5 ??????? 2012 ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? 5?? ??????? ??? ?????? Eurocharity Yearbook ?? ????? «Leadership for Sustainability» ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????, pregnancy
??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? 27 ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 14 ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?’ ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, advice
??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?.?. Georg Kell, ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? (United Nations Global Compact), Antonio Tajani, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????.
??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???
??? ?????? 5 ??????? 2012 ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? 5?? ??????? ??? ?????? Eurocharity Yearbook ?? ????? «Leadership for Sustainability» ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????, sale ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? 27 ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 14 ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?’ ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, mind
??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?.?. Georg Kell, ampoule
???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? (United Nations Global Compact), Antonio Tajani, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????.
??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???
??? ?????? 5 ??????? 2012 ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? 5?? ??????? ??? ?????? Eurocharity Yearbook ?? ????? «Leadership for Sustainability» ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????, prostate
??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? 27 ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 14 ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?’ ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?.?. Georg Kell, ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? (United Nations Global Compact), Antonio Tajani, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????.
??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???
??? ?????? 5 ??????? 2012 ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? 5?? ??????? ??? ?????? Eurocharity Yearbook ?? ????? «Leadership for Sustainability» ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????, see ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? 27 ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 14 ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?’ ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, dosage
??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?.?. Georg Kell, ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? (United Nations Global Compact), Antonio Tajani, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????.
??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???
1. ????????
?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?’ ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????, gerontologist
???? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? – ?? ????? – ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????.
??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????????????, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????.
??’ ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?’ ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????. ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??. (???. ¨??????¨ ??????? ???? ??? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????).
2. ????? ???????
???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????????, ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????????.
- UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN – DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
???????? ?? ????: Wave Energy Conversion – Conclusions*.
«…During the next 20 years experts foresee a need for 1500 GW of additional power supply to meet new demand. This equals to 15000 power plants that are 100 MW each and 60 million barrels of oil consumed in each day.
« … The World Bank estimates that the developing countries alone will need to spend $100 billion each year for the next 30 years, installing new power plants most of which will be in the equatorial Zone. These are astronomical figures that could mean enormous quantities of fossil fuel and 2.2 billion tons of CO2 release to the atmosphere per year. In conclusion there is an Urgent need to switch to alternative energy.
Among the alternative energy resources, wave energy is considered as one of the promising alternative energy resources because it has a high availability factor (day & night) compared with solar energy and a greater density factor compare with wind energy, as water is 800 times more dense than the air.
- AUSTIN AMERICAN STATESMAN (Washington 19, February 2005)*
Ocean waves could be a major energy source.
Lapping atAmerica’s shores is a huge source of untapped renewable energy, and some experts say it’s time the country caught the wave.
A new study commissioned by Electric Power Research Institute concludes that Ocean wave energy could be cheaper and easier to harvest than wind power.
Waves have advantages. The energy is more “dense” 800 times than the air, making it easier to harvest, said Robert Bedart, chief author of the new study. Besides, winds can die down, but waves are restless day and night, all year. The kinetic power of the ocean can solve allAmerica’s problems.
- The American Electric Power Research Institute* issued a new report claiming Wave Energy to become economically feasible.
- The World Energy Council* estimates that 2TW of energy could be harvested from the World’s oceans, the equivalent of twice the world’s electricity production. Wave energy production is one of the most environmentally benign ways to generate electricity. The massive power of the waves can be harnessed in a variety of ways. Compared with Solar, Wind and Bio-mass Energy production methods, the wave energy is being an inexhaustible, predictable and abundant potential to become a major source of 100% clean energy.
3. ? ???????? ???????? ??????????
? ?????? ??, ??????????? ??? ?’ ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????.
??? ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ???? ??? ????????????, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???, ? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????, ?? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????????????.
?? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????: ? ???????? – ? ?????????? – ? ???????? (?????????? ??? ?????) – ?? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? – ??? ? ?????????????? ???????????.
4. ??????????
? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????:
(?) ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????-???? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????.
(?) ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????-???? (???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????), ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????????, ?? ?????-???? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????-?????????? (??. ????????? ?????? SWF Horizontal movements anim.).
? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????.
? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????, (?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ??? ??????? Diesel), ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????, ???? ??? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ????. ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????
?????? 1. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????.
? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ???? ?????.
?? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????????????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? (??). ?????? ??, ? ??? ????? ???? ????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? (??) (??. ?????? 1) ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? (???) ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????????. (??? ??????????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????). ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? 3 ? ?3 ?, ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? 50 ?2. ??? 15 ?? (????? ??????????? 65 ?. ??? ?????? 10 ?. ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????, ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? MW.
??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??, ???????? ??????? ???:http://www.toswet.com/images/anim640.swf
??????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? SWF Triton Anim E .
5. ?????????? ??? ???????????
? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????? (?.?.) ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????, ? ?. ??????, ? ????, ??? ?? ???. ?? ?.?. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????.
??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???’ ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????????????, ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????.
?? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????, ????????? ??? ????.
???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??’ ???? ??? ?? ????????, ??? ?’ ???? ?? ???????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???, ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???, ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? NEWSWEEK* (SEPT. 6 – 13 2004). ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????, ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????:
ALL TOO OFTEN
GREENS PUSH
COSTLY HIGH TECHNOLOGIES
WHEN SIMPLE SOLUTIONS
HOLD PROMISE
Σχολιάστε